Discovery Learning Model Integrated RQA to Improve Critical Thinking Skills, Metacognitive Skills and Problem-Solving Through Science Material for Junior High School Students

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.14.04.25

Keywords:

Critical Thinking, Discovery Learning, Metacognitive, Problem Solving, RQA

Abstract

Abstract: Education should meet life's challenges in the 21st century, namely critical thinking skills, metacognitive skills, and problem-solving. The facts that have occurred have yet to be shown as expected; this can be seen from the PISA 2018, which recorded unsatisfactory results from these three aspects. This study aims to improve these three skills by developing an RQA-integrated discovery research model. The non-equivalent post-test-only control group design was used in this study—hypothesis testing using Manova analysis. The results of the study report that the discovery learning model integrated with the RQA model significantly influences critical thinking skills, metacognitive skills, and student problem-solving skills through science learning at the junior high school level. Students are given broad opportunities to develop their skills in managing, analyzing, and summarizing the problems they face to improve critical thinking, metacognitive, and problem-solving skills. This study result can be used as a reference for developing student skills by modifying the learning model.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdelrahman, P., & Abdelrahman, K. (2014). The Effect of Using Discovery Learning Strategy in Teaching Grammatical Rules to first-year General Secondary Students on Developing Their Achievement and Metacognitive Skills. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 5(2), 146–153.

Akinbobola, A. O., & Afolabi, F. (2009). Constructivist practices through guided discovery approach: The effect on students’ cognitive achievements in Nigerian senior secondary school physics. Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy, 3(2), 233–252. http://bjsep.org/getfile.php?id=61

Anazifa, R. D. (2016). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Skills and Student Achievement. Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on Research, Implementation and Education of Mathematics and Science, May, 43–48.

Aurah, C. M. (2013). The Effects of Self-efficacy Beliefs and Metacognition on Academic Performance: A Mixed Method Study. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(8), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-1-8-11

Bahr, N. (2010). Thinking Critically about Critical Thinking in Higher Education. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2010.040209

Bahri, A., & Corebima, A. D. (2015). The Contribution of Learning Motivation and Metacognitive Skill on Cognitive Learning Outcomes of Students within Different Learning Strategies. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 14(4), 487–500. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=109884227&amp%5Cnlang=ko&site=ehost-live

Bahri, A., & Idris, I. S. (2017). Teaching Thinking : Memberdayakan Keterampilan Metakognitif Mahasiswa melalui PBLRQA (Integrasi Problem-based Learning dan Reading, Questioning, & Answering). Seminar Nasional Lembaga Penelitian UNM, 59–69.

Brenner, D. F., & Parks, S. (2001). Cultural Influences on Critical Thinking and Problem Solving. In A. L. Costa (Ed.), Developing Minds: A Resource Book for Teaching Thinking (3rd ed.). the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD).

Caliskan, S. (2017). Physics Anxiety of Pre-Service Teachers And Their Self-Efficacy Beliefs: Differences According to Gender and Physics Achievement. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 16(5), 678–693.

Canziani, B., & Tullar, W. L. (2017). Developing critical thinking through student consulting projects. Journal of Education for Business, 92(6), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2017.1345849

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. In Professional Development in Education (6th ed., Vol. 38, Issue 3). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2011.643130

Docktor, J., & Heller, K. (2009). in This Context Refers To the Agreement of Scores From Multiple. Proceedings of the NArST 2009.

Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., & Giancarlo, C. A. (2000). The Disposition Toward Critical Thinking: Its Character, Measurement, and Relationship to Critical Thinking Skill. Informal Logic, 20(1), 61–84. https://doi.org/10.22329/il.v20i1.2254

Fahim, M., & Pezeshki, M. (2012). Manipulating Critical Thinking Skills in Test Taking. International Journal of Education, 4(1), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v4i1.1169

Fong, C. J., Kim, Y., Davis, C. W., Hoang, T., & Kim, Y. W. (2017). A meta-analysis on critical thinking and community college student achievement. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.06.002

Fuad, N. M., Zubaidah, S., Mahanal, S., & Suarsini, E. (2017). Improving junior high schools’ critical thinking skills based on test three different models of learning. International Journal of Instruction, 10(1), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2017.1017a

Gotoh, Y. (2016). Development of Critical Thinking With Metacognitive Regulation. International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age, 353–356.

Hairida, & Hadi, L. (2017). Improving Student’S Critical Thinking Skills Through Sets Vision Learning. USEJ Unnes Science Education Journal, 6(2), 1561–1566.

Hariyadi, S., Corebima, A. D., Zubaidah, S., & Ibrohim. (2017). The Comparison of the Question Types in the RQA (Reading, Questioning, and Answering) Learning Model and Conventional Learning Model. Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 4(7), 10–18. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0407002

Hariyanto, Amin, M., Mahanal, S., & Rohman, F. (2022). Analyzing the Contribution of Critical Thinking Skills and Social Skills on Students’ Character by Applying Discovery Learning Models. International Journal of Education and Practice, 10(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.18488/61.v10i1.2907

Hariyanto, H., Hikamah, S. R., Maghfiroh, N. H., & Priawasana, E. (2023). The potential of the discovery learning model integrated the reading, questioning, and answering model on cross-cultural high school students’ problem-solving skills. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 17(1), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v17i1.20599

Hasan, S., Tumbel, F. M., & Corebima, A. D. (2013). Empowering Critical Thinking Skills in Indonesia Archipelago: Study on Elementary School Students in Ternate. Journal of Modern Education Review, 3(11), 2155–7993.

Herlanti, Y., Mardiati, Y., Wahyuningtyas, R., Mahardini, E., Iqbal, M., & Sofyan, A. (2017). Discovering learning strategy to increase metacognitive knowledge on biology learning in secondary school. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 6(1), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v6i1.9605

Junining, E. (2016). Developing Critical Thinking Skills in Language Teaching : Oral Interpretation Class. PROSIDING ICTTE FKIP UNS 2015, 1(1), 870–873.

Kemdikbud. (2019). Hasil PISA Indonesia 2018. https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2019/12/hasil-pisa-indonesia-2018-akses-makin-meluas-saatnya-tingkatkan-kualitas

Kristiani, N., Susilo, H., Rohman, F., & Aloysius, D. C. (2015). The contribution of students’ metacognitive skills and scientific attitude towards their academic achievements in biology learning implementing Thinking Empowerment by Questioning (TEQ) learning integrated with inquiry learning (TEQI). International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 2(9), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.15739/IJEPRR.020

Lai, E. R. (2011). Critical thinking: A literature review. In Pearson (Issue June). http://images.pearsonassessments.com/images/tmrs/CriticalThinkingReviewFINAL.pdf

Lee, S. hee, Lee, J., Liu, X., Bonk, C. J., & Magjuka, R. J. (2009). A review of case-based learning practices in an online MBA program: A program-level case study. Educational Technology and Society, 12(3), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.2307/jeductechsoci.12.3.178

Mawaddah, N., Suyitno, H., & Kartono. (2015). Discovery Learning Model Learning with Metacognitive Approaches to Improve Metacognition and Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education Research, 4(1), 10–17.

McDaniel, M. A., & Schlager, M. S. (1990). Discovery Learning and Transfer of Problem-Solving Skills. Cognition and Instruction, 7(2), 129–159.

Meier, S. L., Hovde, R. L., & Meier, R. L. (2010). Problem Solving: Teachers’ Perceptions, Content Area Models, and Interdisciplinary Connections. School Science and Mathematics, 96(5), 230–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1996.tb10234.x

National Education Association. (2014). Preparing 21st Century Students for a Global Society: An Educator ’ s Guide to the “ Four Cs .” National Education Association, 1–38.

OECD. (2018). PISA 2018.

Pacific Policy Research Center. (2010). 21 st Century Skills for Students and Teachers. Research & Evaluation, August, 1–25.

Pangestuti, A. A., & Zubaidah, S. (2018). The Characteristics of Concept Maps Developed by the Secondary Schools and University Students. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 218(October), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.2991/icomse-17.2018.37

Paul, R., Binker, A. J. A., Martin, D., Vetrano, C., & Kreklau, H. (1989). Critical Thinking Handbook: 6th-9th Grades. A Guide for Remodelling Lesson Plans in Language Arts, Social Studies, & Science. Sonoma State University.

Project, C. (2002). Problem-Solving Rubric (Issue August). https://wvde.state.wv.us/osp/Rubric-Problem-Solving.doc

Robinson, S. P., & Kay, K. (2010). 21St Century Knowledge and Skills in Educator Preparation. In Education (Issue September). https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264193864-en

Saavedra, A. R., & Opfer, V. D. (2012). Teaching and Learning 21st Century Skills: Lessons from the Learning Sciences. Asia Society, 35.

Serin, N. B., Ozbulak, B. E., & Serin, O. (2012). The Relationships Among Negative Thoughts, Problem Solving and Social Skills of School Psychological Consultantas. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 49(A), 67–82.

Setiawati, H., & Corebima, A. D. (2017). Empowering Critical Thinking Skills of The Students Having Different Academic Ability in Biology Learning of Senior High School through PQ4R - TPS Strategy. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 4(5), 3521–3526. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v4i5.09

Siew, N. M., & Mapeala, R. (2016). the Effects of Problem-Based Learning With Thinking Maps on Fifth Graders’ Science Critical Thinking. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 15(5), 602–616.

Simon, H. A., & Newell, A. (1970). Human problem solving: The state of the theory in 1970. American Psychologist, 26(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030806

Snyder, L. G., & Snyder, M. J. (2008). Teaching critical thinking and problem solving skills. The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, L(2), 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009682924511

Susantini, E., Sumitro, S. B., Corebima, A. D., & Susilo, H. (2018). Improving learning process in genetics classroom by using metacognitive strategy. Asia Pacific Education Review, 19(3), 401–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-018-9540-y

Suwono, H., Pratiwi, H. E., Susanto, H., & Susilo, H. (2017). Enhancement of students’ biological literacy and critical thinking of biology through socio-biological case-based learning. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 6(2), 213–222. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v6i2.9622

Suyidno, Nur, M., Yuanita, L., Prahani, B. K., & Jatmiko, B. (2018). Effectiveness of Creative Responsibility Based Teaching (CRBT) Model on Basic Physics learning to Increase Student’s Scientific Creativity and Responsibility. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 17(1), 136–151.

Thabet, M., Taha, E. E.-S., Abood, S. A., & Morsy, S. R. (2017). The effect of problem-based learning on nursing students’ decision making skills and styles. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(6), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n6p108

Thomas, G., Anderson, D., & Nashon, S. (2008). Development of an instrument designed to investigate elements of science students’ metacognition, self-efficacy and learning processes: The SEMLI-S. International Journal of Science Education, 30(13), 1701–1724. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690701482493

Tiruneh, D. T., Verburgh, A., & Elen, J. (2014). Effectiveness of Critical Thinking Instruction in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies. Higher Education Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v4n1p1

Wang, C., Boukhtiarov, A., DiBiase, W., & Steck, T. R. (2012). The Use of Open-Ended Problem-Based Learning Scenarios in an Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Class: Evaluation of a Problem-Based Learning Course Across Three Years †. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 13(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v13i1.389

Young, A., & Fry, J. (2012). Metacognitive awareness and academic achievement in college students. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 8(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2010.487711

Downloads

Published

2024-07-01

How to Cite

Hariyanto, Siti Roudlotul Hikamah, & Nasruliyah Hikmatul Maghfiroh. (2024). Discovery Learning Model Integrated RQA to Improve Critical Thinking Skills, Metacognitive Skills and Problem-Solving Through Science Material for Junior High School Students. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 14(4), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.14.04.25